How do I compress a gzip file in Linux?
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- Linux Compress Directory
- Linux Compress Zip
Linux gzip.
If you are moving from Windows to Linux you may need best video compression Linux tools to transfer videos. With RAR you can easily compress videos and transfer them to a safer place. RAR is a shareware and is free to try. The tool can be used for free for 40 days, but after that, you will have to register to be able to use it. Linux users don’t need to transcode video files, because they have VLC and many other apps at their disposal that can play almost any media format out there. However, if you want to play videos on mobile devices such as your iPhone or iPad, or if you run streaming servers, then transcoding your videos into supported formats becomes essential. Compress Video Reduce video file size online. Android Video Compressor Social Media Video Maker YouTube Video Creator. Fast Compression. The tool will do everything for you, just upload your file and it'll set the best parameters to reduce its size and to keep quality as much as possible. Transmageddon is a Linux video transcoder application with a minimal interface. This is a dedicated offline Video Compressor application that supports audio codecs, various videos, and output file formats. My favorite feature in Transmageddon is that you go to set codecs for audio and video separately. The best way to compress video I found so far is Firefogg. This is a firefox plugin (so it's multi-platform tool as is firefox) It will compress to WebM format (open Source - Web compatible codec) It offers multiple encoding sizes (really convenient to come up with best compression ratio) REALLY efficient compression ratio (at least as much as.
Gzip (GNU zip) is a compressing tool, which is used to truncate the file size.
By default original file will be replaced by the compressed file ending with extension (.gz).
To decompress a file you can use gunzip command and your original file will be back.
How do I compress a tar file in Linux?
![Linux Linux](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/E7XqvxqqLwU/maxresdefault.jpg)
- Compress / Zip. Compress / zip it with command tar -cvzf new_tarname.tar.gz folder-you-want-to-compress. In this example, compress a folder named “scheduler”, into a new tar file “scheduler.tar.gz”.
- Uncompress / unizp. To UnCompress / unzip it, use this command tar -xzvf tarname-you-want-to-unzip.tar.gz.
How do I zip a file in Linux?
Steps
- Open a command line interface.
- Type “zip <zip file=”” name=””> <filename>” (without the quotes, replace <zip file=”” name=””> with the name you want your zip file to be called, replace <filename> with the name of the file you want to be zipped up).
- Unzip your files with “unzip <name of=”” zip=”” file=””>”.
How do you compress a file?
Zip and unzip files
- Locate the file or folder that you want to zip.
- Press and hold (or right-click) the file or folder, select (or point to) Send to, and then select Compressed (zipped) folder. A new zipped folder with the same name is created in the same location.
How do I TAR GZIP a file?
Create and extract a .tar.gz archive using command line
- To create a tar.gz archive from a given folder you can use the following command. tar -zcvf tar-archive-name.tar.gz source-folder-name.
- To extract a tar.gz compressed archive you can use the following command. tar -zxvf tar-archive-name.tar.gz.
- To Preserve permissions.
- Switch the ‘c’ flag to an ‘x’ to extract (uncompress).
What is a GZ file in Linux?
The .gz file extension are created using Gzip program which reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). gunzip / gzip is software application used for file compression. gzip is short for GNU zip; the program is a free software replacement for the compress program used in early Unix systems.
How install tar gz file in Linux?
To install some file *.tar.gz, you basically would do: Open a console, and go to the directory where the file is. Type: tar -zxvf file.tar.gz. Read the file INSTALL and/or README to know if you need some dependencies.
Most of the times you only need to:
- type ./configure.
- make.
- sudo make install.
How do I compress a file in Ubuntu?
How to Compress a File to .Zip in Ubuntu
- Right click on the file you wish to compress and archive.
- Click on Compress .
- Rename the file if you want.
- Select the ·zip file extension from the file format list.
- Select the path to the folder where the file will be created and stored.
- Click the Create button.
- You’ve just created your own .zip file.
How create Tar GZ file in Linux?
The procedure to create a tar.gz file on Linux is as follows:
- Open the terminal application in Linux.
- Run tar command to create an archived named file.tar.gz for given directory name by running: tar -czvf file.tar.gz directory.
- Verify tar.gz file using the ls command and tar command.
How do I zip a file in Terminal?
Type “terminal” in the search box. Click the “Terminal” application icon. Navigate to the folder containing the file you want to zip using the “cd” command. For instance, if your file is in the “Documents” folder, type “cd Documents” at the command prompt and press the “Enter” key.
How do I zip a file in command prompt?
Steps to zip the file or folder
- Step 1 : Login to the server :
- Step 2 : Install zip(incase you do not have).
- Step 3 : Now to zip the folder or file enter the following command.
- Note : Use -r in the command for the folder having more than one file or folder and do not use -r for.
- Step 1 : Login to the server via terminal.
Can we zip a directory in Unix?
I would like to compress a folder named data in my home directory. To compress archive files use zip command. The zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Linux and Unix command. A companion program called unzip unpacks zip archives.
How do I compress a large file?
Method 1 Using Compression Software for Large Files and Folders
- 7-Zip – Right-click on the file or folder you want to compress and select “7-Zip” → “Add to archive”.
- WinRAR – Right-click on the file or folder you want to compress and select “Add to archive” with the WinRAR logo.
How do I make a JPEG smaller file size?
Method 2 Using Paint in Windows
- Make a copy of the image file.
- Open the image in Paint.
- Select the entire image.
- Click the “Resize” button.
- Use the “Resize” fields to change the size of the image.
- Click “OK” to see your resized image.
- Drag the canvas edges to match the resized image.
- Save your resized image.
How do I compress a file to email it?
How to Compress PDF Files for Email
- Put all the files into a new folder.
- Right-click on the folder to be sent.
- Select “Send To” and then click “Compressed (Zipped) folder”
- The files will start compressing.
- After the compression process is complete, attach the compressed file with the extension .zip to your email.
How do I untar a file?
How to open or Untar a “tar” file in Linux or Unix:
- From the terminal, change to the directory where yourfile.tar has been downloaded.
- Type tar -xvf yourfile.tar to extract the file to the current directory.
- Or tar -C /myfolder -xvf yourfile.tar to extract to another directory.
How do I tar and gzip a directory?
It will also compress every other directory inside a directory you specify – in other words, it works recursively.
- tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory-or-file.
- tar -czvf archive.tar.gz data.
- tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /usr/local/something.
- tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz.
- tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz -C /tmp.
How do I untar a Tar GZ file?
For this, open a command-line terminal and then type the following commands to open and extract a .tar.gz file.
- Extracting .tar.gz files.
- x: This option tells tar to extract the files.
- v: The “v” stands for “verbose.”
- z: The z option is very important and tells the tar command to uncompress the file (gzip).
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How extract GZ file in Linux?
.gz is files are compressed with gzip in linux. To extract .gz files we use gunzip command. First use following command to create gzip (.gz) archive of access.log file. Keep remember that below command will remove original file.
How extract Gunzip file in Linux?
2 Answers
- Give gunzip the –keep option (version 1.6 or later) -k –keep. Keep (don’t delete) input files during compression or decompression. gunzip -k file.gz.
- Pass the file to gunzip as stdin gunzip < file.gz > file.
- Use zcat (or, on older systems, gzcat ) zcat file.gz > file.
What are GZ files?
A GZ file is an archive file compressed by the standard GNU zip (gzip) compression algorithm. It contains a compressed collection of one or more files and is commonly used on Unix operating systems for file compression. These files must first be decompressed, then expanded using a TAR utility.
How do I zip a tar file in Linux?
To compress a directory with zip do the following:
- # zip -r archive_name.zip directory_to_compress.
- # unzip archive_name.zip.
- # tar -cvf archive_name.tar directory_to_compress.
- # tar -xvf archive_name.tar.gz.
- # tar -xvf archive_name.tar -C /tmp/extract_here/
- # tar -zcvf archive_name.tar.gz directory_to_compress.
How do you make a tar ball in Linux?
Instructions
- Connect to a shell or open a terminal/console on your Linux/Unix machine.
- To create an archive of a directory and its contents you would type the following and press enter: tar -cvf name.tar /path/to/directory.
- To create an archive of certfain files you would type the following and press enter:
How do I create a tar XZ file in Linux?
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- On Debian or Ubuntu, first install the package xz-utils. $ sudo apt-get install xz-utils.
- Extract a .tar.xz the same way you would extract any tar.__ file. $ tar -xf file.tar.xz. Done.
- To create a .tar.xz archive, use tack c. $ tar -cJf linux-3.12.6.tar.xz linux-3.12.6/
What does gzip do in Linux?
Gzip Command in Linux. The compressed file consists of a GNU zip header and deflated data. If given a file as an argument, gzip compresses the file, adds a “.gz” suffix, and deletes the original file. With no arguments, gzip compresses the standard input and writes the compressed file to standard output.
How do I tar a file in Linux?
Linux Compress Directory
How to tar a file in Linux using command line
- Open the terminal app in Linux.
- Compress an entire directory by running tar -zcvf file.tar.gz /path/to/dir/ command in Linux.
- Compress a single file by running tar -zcvf file.tar.gz /path/to/filename command in Linux.
- Compress multiple directories file by running tar -zcvf file.tar.gz dir1 dir2 dir3 command in Linux.
How do you unzip a file in Unix?
Unzipping Files
- Zip. If you have an archive named myzip.zip and want to get back the files, you would type: unzip myzip.zip.
- Tar. To extract a file compressed with tar (e.g., filename.tar), type the following command from your SSH prompt: tar xvf filename.tar.
- Gunzip. To extract a file compressed with gunzip, type the following:
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Importing video files into Kolibri requires special considerations about the filesize of the video resources that will be imported.
Below are some general guidelines for importing video files:
- Use the
.mp4
file format - Use the
H.264
(a.k.a.x264
) video codec to ensure video will play in web browsers - Use the
aac
audio codec - Use compression
- Short videos (5-10 mins long) should be roughly less than 15MB
- Longer video lectures (1 hour long) should not be larger than 200MB
- High-resolution videos should be converted to lower resolution formats:Here are some recommended choices for video vertical resolution:
- Use max height of
480
for videos that work well in low resolution (most videos) - Use max height of
720
for high resolution videos (lectures with writing on board)
- Use max height of
Using video compression and low resolutions is important for the context of use.Think of the learners and the device they will be using to view the videos.Consider also the overall size of the channel--how much storage space will berequired for the entire collection of videos?
Let’s now look at compression tools that you can use to ensure a good videoexperience for all Kolibri users, regardless of their device.
Automated conversion¶
The
ricecooker
library can handle the video compression for you if you specifythe --compress
command line argument to the chef script, e.g. pythonchef.py..--compress
.Under the hood, the ffmpeg
video conversion program will be called to compressvideo files before uploading them to Kolibri Studio. Specifying --compress
onthe command line will use the following default settings:This command takes the
inputfile.mp4
and outputs the file outputfile.mp4
thathas the following transformations applied to it:- Limits the audio codec to 32k/sec
- Scale the video to max-height of 480 pixels
- Compress the video with CRF of 32 (constant rate factor)
To overwrite these defaults, chef authors can pass the argument
ffmpeg_settings
(dict),when creating VideoFile
object, and specify these options: crf
, max_height
, and max_width
.Manual conversion¶
For optimal control of the compression options, users should perform the conversionand compression steps before uploading their videos to Kolibri Studio.We highly recommend the command line tool
ffmpeg
.You’ll need to use it through the command prompt (Terminal in linux, CMD in Windows).Any video conversion and compression operation can be performed by setting theappropriate parameters.Installing ffmpeg¶
Before proceeding, please go and download the
ffmpeg
program for you OS:Links:
- Homepage: https://www.ffmpeg.org/
- Downloads for windows users: https://ffmpeg.zeranoe.com/builds/Choose 64bit “static” version to download, unzip the archive, then go to the foldercalled
bin/
inside the zip file. Copy the filesffmpeg.exe
andffprobe.exe
to the folder on your computer where your videos are stored.
To check the installation was successful you can open a command line prompt(cmd.exe on Windows,or terminal on mac/linux), and try typing in the command:
which will print command help information. You can see the full list command lineoptions for
ffmpeg
here: https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.html.Don’t worry you won’t need to use all of them.If you see the error message “ffmpeg is not recognized as an internal or external command,operable program or batch file,” you will have to change directory to the folder where yousaved the program files
ffmpeg.exe
and ffprobe.exe
(e.g. use cdDesktop
if savedon the desktop or cd%HOMEPATH%Documents
to go to your Documents folder).Looking around with ffprobe¶
Equally useful is the command
ffprobe
which prints detailed information forany video files. To illustrate the usefulness, let’s see what info ffprobe
can tells us about some video files downloaded from the internet. You can downloadthe same files from hereif you want to follow along (download the three different video formats availablein the sidebar: ogv
, mpg
, and mp4
)To check what’s in the file
CM_National_Rice_Cooker_1982.ogv
use the command:The video codec is
theora
and the audio codec is vorbis
, so this video willneed to be converted before uploading to Studio.Similarly we can check the codecs for
CM_National_Rice_Cooker_1982.mpg
usingThe video codec is
mpeg2video
and the audio codec is mp2
, so this video toowill need to be converted.Finally, to check the codecs for
CM_National_Rice_Cooker_1982.mp4
, we useHere we see the
h264
video codec and aac/mp4a
audio codec so this file canbe uploaded to Studio as is. These codecs are relatively well supported bymost browsers.This video can be uploaded to Kolibri.Converting files using ffmpeg¶
Recall the file
CM_National_Rice_Cooker_1982.mpg
that we downloaded above,which uses the Kolibri-incompatibe codecs mpeg2video
and mp2
.Let’s see how to use the ffmpeg
command to convert it to the supported codecs:Note the
character denotes line-continuation and works only on UNIX.Windows users should put the entire command on a single line:This command will run for some time (video transcoding takes a lot of CPU power).In the end, if you check using
ffprobecompressed.mp4
, you’ll see that theconverted output file has video codec h264
and audio codec aac
.The resolution 720x480
and bitrate 534kb/s
are also very good parameters.Note the file size of compressed.mp4
is 1MB which is twice smaller than thefile mp4
file which we obtained directly form the web CM_National_Rice_Cooker_1982.mp4
.Clearly the compression option -crf32
had an effect.The video
compressed.mp4
is now ready for upload to Studio!Using the ffmpeg helper scripts¶
We provide a helper script to help run the ffmpeg command. The instructions are differentdepending if your operating systems is Windows or Mac/Linux:
- For Windows users, download the file convertvideo.batand save it to your computer. Make sure the extension is
.bat
(Windows batch file).Put theconvertvideo.bat
file in the same folder where you copiedffmpeg.exe
.To convertinputfile.mp4
tooutputfile.mp4
using the conversion script, open acommand line prompt, navigate to the folder whereconvertvideo.bat
andffmpeg.exe
are stored, and type the following command: - Linux and Mac users should download convertvideo.sh,save it to the folder where all the videos are. Next open a command prompt and changedirectory to that folder. Make the script executable using
chmodu+xconvertvideo.sh
,then you can start converting videos using:
See https://youtu.be/oKbCbuDlRmYfor a video walkthrough of the steps and example usage of the batch script.
The conversion scripts provided are just wrappers for the
ffmpeg
command, to make iteasier for you so you won’t have to remember all the command line options. If you needto adjust the conversion parameters, you edit the scripts—they are ordinary text files,so you can edit them with notepad.Note video conversion takes a long time, so be prepared to get a coffee or two.
Linux Compress Zip
HandBrake¶
If you don’t have many videos to convert, you can use HandBrake,which is a video conversion tool with a graphical user interface. Handbrake uses
ffmpeg
under the hood, so the same compression results can be achieved as withthe more technical options presented above.Here are steps for converting videos using HandBrake:
- Download and install handbrake from here https://handbrake.fr/
- Open the video file you want to compress.
- From the presets menu, choose Web > Gmail Medium 5 Minutes 480p30
- Set the output filename (e.g. you could use the same as input filename,but append
_compressed.mp4
). Make sure to use the.mp4
extension. - Click the Start Encode button.
HandBrake steps all in one
Here is a video guide to using HandBrake for compressing videos.
The Web > Gmail Medium 5 Minutes 480p30 preset will use the
x264
video codec,aac
audio codec, and 480
vertical resolution, and compression rate crf=23
.The 480 vertical resolution is a good choice for most videos, but if you find the compressed output to be too low quality, you can try the presetWeb > Gmail Large 3 Minutes 720p30, which will result in larger videos fileswith 720 vertical resolution.If your channel contains many videos, or very long videos, you should considerincreasing the “Constant Rate Factor” compression parameter in the Video settings.Using the value RF=32will result in highly compressed videos, with very small file sizes.
Experimenting¶
Since every content source is unique, we recommend that you experiment withdifferent compression options. The command line tool
ffmpeg
offers a veryuseful option called crf
which stands for Constant Rate Factor.Setting this single parameter allows for controlling overall video quality.For example, setting crf=24
produces high quality video (and possibly large file size),crf=28
is a mid-range quality, and values of crf
above 30 produce highly-compressedvideos with small size.Here are the steps to preview different compression factors in Kolibri:
- Choose a sample video from your collection, let’s call it
video.mp4
- Try different compression options for it:
- Create a CRF=24 version using
ffmpeg-ivideo.mp4..-crf24video_crf24.mp4
- Create a CRF=28 version using
ffmpeg-ivideo.mp4..-crf28video_crf28.mp4
- Create a CRF=30 version using
ffmpeg-ivideo.mp4..-crf30video_crf30.mp4
- Create a CRF=24 version using
- Upload the original and the compressed version to a Studio channel
- PUBLISH the channel and record the channel token
- Import the channel into a Kolibri instance using the channel token
- Test video playback on different devices (desktop and mobile browsers on all OSs)